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新订单市场份额逆势增长 揭秘我国绿色船舶转型密码_我的网站

一 |           　　在我国造船业发布的最新数据中，记者发现，在全球绿色动力船舶订单量持续下滑的情况下，我国绿色船舶新接订单的全球市场份额却连续三年稳定在68%以上。    WASHINGTON -- With the growing popularity of disposable e-cigarettes, communities across the U.S. are confronting a new vaping problem: how to safely get rid of millions of small, battery-powered devices that are considered hazardous waste.For years, the debate surrounding vaping largely centered on its risks for high school and middle school students enticed by flavors like gummy bear, lemonade and watermelon.But the recent shift toward e-cigarettes that can’t be refilled has created a new environmental dilemma. The devices, which contain nicotine, lithium and other metals, cannot be reused or recycled. Under federal environmental law, they also aren’t supposed to go in the trash.U.S. teens and adults are buying roughly 12 million disposable vapes per month. With little federal guidance, local officials are finding their own ways to dispose of e-cigarettes collected from schools, colleges, vape shops and other sites.“We are in a really weird regulatory place where there is no legal place to put these and yet we know, every year, tens of millions of disposables are thrown in the trash,” said Yogi Hale Hendlin, a health and environmental researcher at the University of California, San Francisco.In late August, sanitation workers in Monroe County, New York, packed more than 5,500 brightly colored e-cigarettes into 55-gallon steel drums for transport. Their destination? A giant, industrial waste incinerator in northern Arkansas, where they would be melted down.Sending 350 pounds of vapes across the country to be burned into ash may not sound environmentally friendly. But local officials say it’s the only way to keep the nicotine-filled devices out of sewers, waterways and landfills, where their lithium batteries can catch fire.“These are very insidious devices,” said Michael Garland, who directs the county’s environmental services. “They’re a fire risk and they’re certainly an environmental contaminant if not managed properly.”Elsewhere, the disposal process has become both costly and complicated. In New York City, for example, officials are seizing hundreds of thousands of banned vapes from local stores and spending about 85 cents each for disposal.HAZARDOUS WASTEVaping critics say the industry has skirted responsibility for the environmental impact of its products, while federal regulators have failed to force changes that could make vaping components easier to recycle or less wasteful.Among the possible changes: standards requiring that e-cigarettes be reusable or forcing manufacturers to fund collection and recycling programs. New York, California and several other states have so-called extended product responsibility laws for computers and other electronics. But those laws don't cover vaping products and there are no comparable federal requirements for any industry.Environmental Protection Agency rules for hazardous waste don’t apply to households, meaning it's legal for someone to throw e-cigarettes in the garbage at home. But most businesses, schools and government facilities are subject to EPA standards in how they handle harmful chemicals like nicotine, which the EPA considers an “acute hazardous waste," because it can be poisonous at high levels.In the U.S., the push to manage disposable e-cigarettes has chiefly come from schools, which can face stricter regulation if they generate more than a few pounds of hazardous waste per month. Monroe County schools pay $60 to dispose of each one-gallon container of vapes. More than two thirds of the e-cigarettes collected by the county come from schools.“Our schools were very relieved because they had confiscated so much of this material,” Garland said. “If you think of all the high schools across the country, they are in a very difficult place right now.”Lithium in e-cigarette batteries is the same highly sought metal used to power electric vehicles and cellphones. But the quantities used in vaping devices are too small to warrant salvage. And nearly all disposable e-cigarette batteries are soldered into the device, making it impractical to separate them for recycling.Disposable e-cigarettes currently account for about 53% of the multi-billion U.S. vaping market, according to U.S. government figures, more than doubling since 2020.Their rise is a study in unintended consequences.In early 2020, the Food and Drug Administration banned nearly all flavors from reusable e-cigarettes like Juul, the cartridge-based device blamed for sparking a nationwide surge in underage vaping. But the policy didn't apply to disposables, opening the door to thousands of new varieties of fruit and candy-flavored vapes, almost all manufactured in China.In recent months the FDA has begun trying to block imports of several leading disposable brands, including Elf Bar and Esco Bar. Regulators consider them all illegal, but they have been unable to stop their entry to the U.S. and the devices are now ubiquitous in convenience stores, gas stations and other shops. FDA’s tobacco chief, Brian King, said in a statement that his agency “will continue to carefully consider the potential environmental impacts” of vaping products.THE COST OF CONFISCATING DISPOSABLE E-CIGARETTESIn 2020, New York City outlawed the vast majority of e-cigarette types, banning flavors that can appeal to youngsters.City employees conduct thousands of inspections annually, and last year issued more than 2,400 citations to corner stores and bodegas selling illegal flavored products. Adding to the challenge are THC vapes sold at hundreds of unlicensed marijuana shops, a separate but related problem that has mushroomed since New York's legalization of recreational pot.Since last November, officials have seized more than 449,000 vape units, according to city figures. New York City is spending about $1,400 to destroy each container of 1,200 confiscated vapes, but many more remain in city storage lockers. “I don’t think anyone ever considered the volume of these in our community,” said New York Sheriff Anthony Miranda, who leads a task force on the issue. “There’s a tremendous amount of resources going into this effort.” A recent lawsuit against four large vaping distributors aims to recoup some of the city's costs. For now, New Yorkers who vape can bring their used e-cigarettes to city-sponsored waste-collection events.Ultimately those vapes meet a familiar fate: They are shipped to Gum Springs, Arkansas, to be incinerated by Veolia, an international waste management firm. The company has incinerated more than 1.6 million pounds of vaping waste in recent years, mostly unsold inventory or discontinued products.Veolia executives say burning e-cigarettes' lithium batteries can damage their incinerators.“Ideally we don’t want to incinerate them because it has to be done very, very slowly. But if have to, we will,” said Bob Cappadona, who leads the company’s environmental services division.Veolia also handles e-cigarettes from Boulder County, Colorado, one of the only U.S. jurisdictions that actively tries to recycle e-cigarette batteries and components.Historically, Boulder has had one of the highest teen vaping rates in the country, peaking at nearly 33% in 2017. “It was like someone flicked the switch. Suddenly e-cigarettes were everywhere,” said Daniel Ryan, principal of Centaurus High School. Beginning in 2019, county officials began distributing bins to schools for confiscated or discarded e-cigarettes. Last year, they collected 3,500. County staffers sort the devices by type, separating those with removable batteries for recycling. Disposables are packed and shipped to Veolia's incinerator. Shelly Fuller, who directs the program, says managing vape waste has gotten more costly and labor intensive with the shift to disposables.“I kind of miss the days when we had Juuls and I could take each battery out and recycle them very easily,” Fuller said. “No one has time to dismantle a thousand Esco Bars.”___AP video journalist Joseph Frederick contributed to this story from New York___Follow Matthew Perrone on Twitter: @AP_FDAwriter___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.。这个逆势增长的背后藏着怎样的转型密码呢?在内河航道上，一股电动化的浪潮悄悄涌向了这里。不少跑了一辈子船的老船长主动把用惯的燃油船换成了电动船。　　船舶上新　　新能源货船跑火内河航道      　　山东济宁是京杭大运河中段核心节点，在济宁太平港码头，记者看到，很多船都在忙着装卸货物。

二 | 其中，一批没有轰鸣噪声、不见滚滚黑烟的船穿梭在码头之间，它们就是新能源货船。     　　港口工作人员戈成学告诉记者，以往运货的船基本都是柴油船，但是从去年开始，电动船越来越多。船长孙后宾驾驶的已经是他购买的第二艘新能源船了。

三 |      　　市场火热的态势，已经传导至产业链上游的造船环节。记者走访当地船企看到，生产工位排得满满当当，大批新能源船舶正在加紧建造。     　　总台央视记者 吴天白：制造好的分段要在船位组装成一艘完整的新能源船舶。船厂一共有24个船位，每艘新能源船舶在船位上工作的时间是一个月，也就是说，每个月会有24艘新能源船舶从船位下水。      　　在这里，记者遇到了船企的负责人吴则成。他说，他们原本是从事大宗商品贸易的，大量货物都要依靠内河船舶来运输，也正是在跑航运的过程中切身感受到了内河航运绿色转型的市场风向。2022年，看准这一机遇，企业果断跨界，投入到了新能源船舶的研发制造中。如今，他们新能源船舶的订单已经排到了2027年。     　　山东新能船业总经理 吴则成：截至今年，我们已经交付了100艘新能源船舶，而且整船所有的研发、设计、建造，包括供应链都实现了国产化。

四 | 　　高价仍抢手　　纯电船的吸引力在哪儿?      　　内河新能源船一般是指使用液化天然气、甲醇等燃料以及纯电作为动力的船舶。在调研中记者发现，同样2000吨级内河货船，纯电船售价要比传统柴油船高出600多万元。明明要多投入一大笔钱，一些船长们却依旧愿意换新。     　　58岁的朱广春是运河上跑了40年的老船长，驾驶纯电货船已经一年多。

五 | 对他而言，最直观的感受，就是航行体验的改变。

六 |      　　济宁港航6018船长 朱广春：开电船最大的优点就是安静，燃油船噪声大。     　　除了安静舒适，真正打动船长的还是一笔实打实的经济账。     　　济宁港航6018船长 朱广春：电船现在要1190万元，比燃油船高出640万元。目前，按每公里算，柴油船要30元左右，电船每公里平时固定充电是9到10元。

七 | 按一年驾驶里程3.8万公里计算的话，6年就能把多投资的钱收回来。      　　朱广春告诉记者，按照船舶20多年的使用年限计算，加上国家补贴，多出的购船成本仅需6年即可收回。而在后续运营中，仅燃料费每年就能省下超百万元。此外，配套政策的扶持也进一步放大了纯电船的运营优势，以山东省为例，对纯电池动力船舶实行免费且优先过闸，单次过闸就能节省近千元。　　协同发力　　破解内河电动航运堵点      　　既省钱，又省时间，所以越来越多的船长会选择电动船。记者在调研过程中也发现，续航焦虑、充电补给、船舶制造等现实难题，仍是制约电动船更大规模推广的拦路虎。

八 |      　　续航、充电是很多船东最关心的问题。南阳码头作为济宁干线航道的重要水上服务区，已经建成水上补能驿站。     　　山东融汇时代船舶科技有限公司工作人员 曹建文：我们站现在有1.2兆瓦的充电能力，一个小时能为电池充1200度电。      　　除了大功率快充，要赶工期的话还可以选择集装箱式充换电模式，一个集装箱就是一组电池，十多分钟就可整体更换。目前济宁市已经布局了四处站点，搭建起了初步的水上补能网络。     　　补能设施不断完善的同时，科研端也在持续提升船舶自身的续航能力。      　　中船七〇四所系统总体部研究员 曾志林：单船电池系统的容量从几百度电已经发展到上万度电，已经从小型船舶向中大型船舶的应用转变。到目前为止，已经完成交付接近200条电动船舶动力系统。      　　目前我国纯电船舶单次最远续航里程已经突破500公里，硬件能力持续提升的同时，国家政策也在为内河船舶电动化转型保驾护航。2024年5月，国务院发布节能降碳行动方案，推进老旧运输船舶报废更新，推动沿海内河船舶电气化改造。2025年5月，六部门联合发文，鼓励电动船定班、定线规模化应用，全国多地也陆续出台了对于电动船的扶持政策。

九 |      　　中国船舶工业行业协会副会长 李彦庆：不光是造船厂，包括设备厂都在全力转向绿色技术集成。中国在向中高端绿色船舶转型中，一直保持了很好的、增长的、发展的势头，步伐一直在加速。

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